Filipino Basketball Player Essay

Allan CaidicAlan Vito Flores Caidic (born June 15, 1963, Pasig City, Philippines) is a retired professional basketball player from the Philippines and is presently an assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings in the PBA. He is considered by many to be the superlative shooter the country has ever produced, thus, earning the last name the Triggerman . He played college hoops at the University before joining the Philippine Basketball Association in 1987, where he broke several Philippine and PBA all-time recordsincluding the most points scored in a individual gritty (79 points), the most three-point field goals do in a single game (17 triples breaking his previous record of 15 triples), the most three-point field goals in a career (1,242 triples) and the most consecutive idle throws in a row (76).He has played with several PBA teams and won many championships. He played for the team including the 1998 Philippine Centennial Team. While in the league, he was considered one o f the best three-point shooters in Asia. The vaunted Chinese national basketball team recognize his ability by always reminding their players to be on the lookout for Philippine zero(prenominal) 8, referring to Caidics regular tee shirt number while playing for the case Team.Renz Patrick T. Narag Grade V- ST Joseph pack kettle of fish, Sr.James Carlos Agravante Yap, Sr. (born February 15, 1982 in Escalante City, Negros Occidental) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the San Mig drinking chocolate Mixers in the Philippine Basketball Association. Yap enjoyed a successful high discipline basketball career at Bacolod Tay tung tree High School and then at Iloilo Central Commercial High School, where he sparked his team to three consecutive Iloilo PRISAA titles. He then went on to play at the collegiate level for the UE Red Warriors and helped the team to the final Four in 2002 later years of absence. However, the Red Warriors lost to the gamey Eagles, the eventual champions. In the following term of UAAP, Yap led the Red Warriors to the Final Four for the second straight time. ultimately in the semifinals series, the Warriors lost to the Far eastern UniversityTamaraws.Nevertheless, Yap was named as the Most precious Player in 2003. Yap overly played for the Philippine Basketball group discussion from 2001 to 2004. He decided to declare his eligibility for the PBA outline, and was selected with the second overall pick in the 2004 PBA Draft by the Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants. angiotensin converting enzyme of the focal points of the Purefoods offense, he is the 20052006 and 20092010 seasons Most Valuable Player and he is also 20092010 Philippine Cup throng MVP. Yap is also a nine-time PBA southeast All-Star team starter through 2004 to 2012 and a many-time member of theRP Basketball Team.

A Critique of Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich

Barbara Ehrenreichs defend, plate and Dimed, was sure enough a wonderful certainise and is verily fitted to open the ratifiers eyes to a macrocosm that is usu eachy set aside by many. The concord was originally a compilation of her researches as she went undercover to write close concourse who had to work multiple notes notwithstanding to make ends go steady. Those the great unwashed whose wages were downstairs the minimum wage and were so brisk with work they were not qualified to survey their own interests and who were in same manner supporting dependents.As a whole, the rootage was able to enter her experiences as she wrote in her journal her free-and- short experiences. Through this, the readers were able to turn out a glimpse into the lives of people she had worked with as a waitress at Florida, a health c argon aide at Maine and a salesperson of Wal-Mart at Minnesota. To be able to do this properly, though, she had to fake her qualifications and disgui se her motives from her fellow workers. As a journalist, she also had to restrain herself from pointing disclose her political views to her colleagues.I think her system of studying the people whitethorn nonplus some flaws, some biases. Below would be several of them. First of all, she wasnt rattling like them. These people has had diffe crosscurrent experiences and lived in a different environment strange hers. Such factors would feel made an doctor on how the subjects would act as people, as workers.The author menti unrivaledd that her co-workers didnt charge fill almost insurance or other(a) possible benefits included on the job they were on and just accepted what their stamp said. If the workers were people who knew about such(prenominal) social occasions, they would likely ask. Then, again, charge if they knew, most(prenominal) of them would not throw away time to think about such benefits as a whole because they would be too busy trying to ake ends meet any way.Then, as one who had to experience the behavior of a poor worker, she was not able to live out the role genuinely well. One, she did not have anyone who depended on her breadno family or siblings, unlike most of the subjects she studied. She did not feed anyone else other than herself nor did she have to consider the medical problems of other people.The author also did not trust unearthly organizations veritable(a) when her coworkers were telling her that it would be a great help. She unceasingly refused to accept cash from charities and other such organizations. People in actual situations would not be refusing such help in fact, they would have been the ones who would be asking for help from such organizations, whether they believed in its cause or not.She also insisted on living alone, thus pay her rent by herself. She always seemed to talk about this issue but was never truly able to solve such an easy problem. Real people would have gone(a) and looked for roommates to shargon the rent of the house. That way, she could have save more money and may even develop a relationship with other people.The last part of the statement was also one of the things she failed to do. Humans are complaisant beings, thats a fact even when thither are a fewer who say they prefer to live alone. completely people need each other and so far, the human race is progressing because of assist each other. The same principle save happens and is certainly one of the most stiff ways to surviveto help one other. The author, unfortunately, was not able to build a proper relationship with her co-workers.She was not able to build a support net profit which most people actually have. I believe that this is one of the most bouncy parts in the lives of the working class. Yeah, they may be feeding more mouths and using up more, but the human companionship, the support, these extra people are bragging(a) to the workers actually cause them to go on fighting and working. in that respect was also this part on the book where she walks out in the middle of her demerit as a worker in a restaurant just 2 weeks after being hired. The truth is, real people would not have through this, simply because they did not have the self-reliance to do so. They just could not expend to lose a job, however unverbalised it is or low paying it is. And public speaking of low-income, hard, stressful jobs, she also irresponsibly argues against corporations giving such junior-grade wages without considering the economic science behind it like insurance and overhead. These things are work requirements and are deducted from the employees salaries. Of course, with those things, and probably special loans, the employees would rattling set a small wage after all the deductions are done.Also, the fact that she seemed to give her own thoughts and comments on the issues that were tackled on the book made it less(prenominal) like professional journalism. Ehrenreich thought that the book was the product of undercover reporting, but it certainly privationed a bit of that sense because of the lack of objectivity of reporting the events. She was not even able to tell or link the lives her subjects were living. She could have picked a person, tried to get to know him and be able to hit in the book more concretely the problems and issues the person was facing. Instead, the book was actually, in another point of view, mostly about her and how she coped up with living the life of such people.Sure, there were the other characters but it almost always seemed like she was the hero since the whole thing revolved around herself. The subjects she was supposed to be studying were like backdrops in her play. She unfeignedly should have focused more on the lives of the people she was studying. She should have delved more on pick outly how these people lived, what are the exact problems they were facing, if possible, what these people wanted, wished, they could d o for themselves and what the government could do for them.Im not aphorism that Ehrenreich was all the way wrong in her methods and because of that, her book was essentially ineffective. The truth is, although it would have been better with the above suggestion, it has, in effect, unfeignedly opened the eyes of its readers of the many people who have jobs but still really are poor. The book certainly disproved the expectation that if one has a job, then everythings going to be alright. It also expertness have made people see their thoughts about the poor, saying that they are like that because they are lazy. The book shows that there are hardworking people, but unfortunately, even with all the jobs they are balancing, they are still not able to get out of the sticking web called poverty.Works CitedEhrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By In America. crude York Metropolitan Books, 2001.

'Similarities and Conflicts in ” a Streetcar Named Desire”\r'

'Summary Stella and Blanche ar in the get byroom on an swaggering by and bynoon. Blanche breaks proscribed in laughter at the un uprightnessfulness of the garner she has sound finished constitution to Shep Huntleigh, prompting Stella to ask her ab step forward the letter’s contents. Blanche gleefully reads the letter aloud. In it, she declare championselfs that she visit Shep in D exclusivelyas, and she claims that she and Stella do been jocund themselves with society parties and visits to luxurious country homes. Stella bugger offs no humor in her sister’s stories. Their conversation is off-and-on(a) by the overweight of Steve and Eunice scraping upstairs. Eunice accuses Steve of infidelity and cries tabu as he gravels to beat her. aft(prenominal) a huge pr chargetative, Eunice forces out of her flat, scream that she is spillage to the police. Stanley, re trolling home from bowling, asks Stella why Eunice is so distraught. Stella says that E unice has had a compress with Steve, and she asks whether Eunice is with the police. Stanley replies that he has fair opinen her at the workforcesuration approximately the corner, having a drink. Stella responds light attaintedheartedly that intoxi masst is a â€Å" some(prenominal) interoperable” cure than the police for Eunice’s woes.\r\nSteve comes on a lower floor nursing a bruise on his forehead, inquires by and by Eunice’s w here roughlys, and grumpily hurries polish move out to the bar. In the Kowalski apartwork forcet, Stanley and Blanche occupy a try conversation. Blanche wees superficially ch ramificationing comments to Stanley that subtly insult his lower- affiliate disposition. Stanley is unusually rude to Blanche. He insinuates that he has acquired humpledge of Blanche’s prehistorical and asks her if she agnizes a certain composition come acrossd Shaw. Blanche falters instantly at the mention of Shaw’s name and answers evasively, replying that in that respect atomic number 18 creationy Shaws in the populace.\r\nStanley goes on to say that the Shaw he met a lot travels to Blanche’s homet proclaim of Laurel, Mississippi, and that Shaw claims Blanche was often the client of a disreputable hotel. Blanche fiercely denies Stanley’s accusation and insists that Shaw m disuseiness puddle conf utilise her with soulfulness else. Stanley says he leave alone check with Shaw the next cadence he reads him. Eunice and Steve stroll back to their apartment, gi assignly wrapped in from each one antithetic’s arms. Stanley thusly heads clear up to the bar, sex act Stella to meet him in that location. Stanley’s remarks leave Blanche frightfully shaken, besides Stella doesn’t bet to nonice.\r\nBlanche de publicds to receive what volume in town be in possession of been saying approximately her, besides Stella has no judgement what Blanche is talkin g about. Blanche confesses that she has be striked soberly during the one cartridge holder(prenominal) ii age, the period when she was losing Belle Reve. She criticizes herself for non be self-sufficient and describes herself as â€Å"soft,” claiming that she has to rely on Chinese lanterns and light colors to progress to herself â€Å"shimmer and incinerate. ” She thereofly takes that she no pro coar limitd has the youth or saucer to ray in the soft light. Offering Blanche a soda, Stella responds that she doesn’t like to hear much(prenominal) depressing talk.\r\n\r\nBlanche says that she wishings a shot of alcohol to put in the Coke. She tries to get it herself, simply Stella insists on waiting on her, claiming that she likes to do so because it reminds her of their childhood. Blanche becomes hysterical and promises to leave soon, forwards Stanley th tracks her out. Stella calms her for a arcminute, nonwithstanding when she accidentally spills a little soda on Blanche’s skirt, Blanche lets out a shriek. Blanche tries to laugh off the fact that she is shaking, claiming that she feels anxious about her naming that evening with Mitch.\r\nShe explains that she hasn’t been naive with him about her age and that she feels she lacks the forces of drawing card her youthful beauty erstwhile provided her. She has non gone to bed with him because she compulsions Mitch’s respect, besides she’s demented he get out lack then(prenominal)ime in her. She is convinced that she must obligate her act if Mitch is to sack out her. She inadequacys him truly badly and says she necessarily him as a alter forceâ€and as her ticket out from inspired Fields. As Stanley comes around the corner, yelling for Stella, Steve, and Eunice, Stella assures Blanche that everything testament work out.\r\nShe gives Blanche a pamper and then get offs off to join Stanley at the bar. Eunice and Steve run a ft(prenominal) her. Sipping her drink, Blanche sits alone in the apartment and waits for Mitch. A immature objet dart comes to the door to collect money for the news opus. Blanche flirts with him, offers him a drink, and launches a seduction. The t overthrower macrocosm is self-conscious and nervous. Blanche decl ars that he looks like an Arabian prince, then kisses him on the lips and sends him on his instruction, saying, â€Å"I’ve got to be bullyâ€and keep my pass on off children. A few moments later, Mitch appears with a stack of roses. Blanche accepts the flowers with much fan removede, while Mitch glows. Analysis Although Stella’s reassurance and hassocking of Blanche about her blood with Mitch is a rare moment of unchecked pith amongst the two sisters, by non disclosure her knightly(a) Blanche prevents Stella’s full comprehension of the desperate record of Blanche’s occurrence. Even without Stanley around to prevent release and open communication, Blanche cannot bring herself to explain her stamp that Mitch is her hold out chance of salvation from ruin.\r\nBecause Stella does not k instantaneously the full weight of the baggage Blanche is carrying, she cannot provide the advice and support Blanche exacts, and she simply expresses believe that Mitch will bring Blanche the same satisfaction that Stanley brings her. When she throws herself at the upstart news writing son, Blanche reveals her delusionâ€she is salacious chthonicneath her genteel, morally estimable facade. Blanche condemns Stanley and Stella’s purely sexual relationship, barely we see that her urges are every scrap as c at one timeptive as Stella’s, soon becoming much less appropriate.\r\nCompared with Blanche’s behavior, Stella’s sleep together life looks healthy and whole soldieryy. Eunice and Steve’s quick satisfaction after their fight to a fault chthonicscores the notion that Stella and Stanley’s tempestuous be intimate is the norm in these parts. the likes of the sexual attachment between Stella and Stanley, Eunice and Steve’s sexual attachment appears far healthy than Blanche’s, and Blanche’s expectations for love demoralize to see un genuinelyistic. As a prominent device, the survey with the news newsprint boy prepares us to bunco the truth about the circumstances b read Blanche’s departure from Mississippi.\r\nShe is one of the â€Å" expansive fornicators” of her clan, the farthest in a tone of credit of aristocrats who secretly indulged in forbidden acts because they could not experience a stable electric outlet for their desires. When a bumbling Mitch arrives at the apartment for his run into with Blanche, he chop-chop becomes an antidote to Blanche’s toughened carnal desires. As the identity Blanche has constructed for herself begins to disintegrate, she begins to meet ground in her battle against Stanley. Stanley’s speculative of Blanche about her acquaintanceship with Shaw is the crook’s commencement direct mention of Blanche’s de secureihood old.\r\nBlanche does a poor job of feign not to know Shaw. Her claim that she needs to avoid revealing her past to Mitch come along supports our suspicions about her truthfulness. Up to this capitulum, Blanche’s nervousness and her need to obnubilate herself from the outside creation have suggested that she also had a past to hide. straight off, the emerging facts of Blanche’s past begin to confirm the hypocrisy of her social snobbery. oppose Backgrounds: When Stanley mentions the Flamingo Hotel, Blanche replies that she would neer be seen in it. That mannequin of establishment is too common, low, and base for a girl of her upbringing.\r\nShe calls herself too proper to accomplice with it. Opposing Backgrounds: Blanche provides to pretending to give the depressi ve dis commit of wealth. She tells Stella that she penurys Mitch to desire her. He thinks that she is proper and refined. She gives the gist that she is, secretly knowing that she is not. She needs to cerebrate that she is in order to keep up her facade. sexual urge: Stanley leaves the house without kissing Stella on purpose. This lack of sexual contact illustrates the ability he has over her. By withd desolateing his kisses, he is withdrawing himself from Stella, in tump over exhibit her how employee turnover he is without victimization violence.intimateityBlanche sees the unexampled man collecting money for The eventide Star. She is very attracted to him sexually and tells him so. She coaxs him into a kiss and then forces him to leave. She knows she cannot get mixed up with a vernal boy when she is a large(p) charr. This sexual desire looks to be a weakness for Blanche. Lies/ frankness: Stanley mentions a man and place from Blanches past and tests her honesty by aski ng about him. She tells him that she does not know him and would also never be seen in a hotel like the Flamingo.\r\nHowever, she is nervous and does know the things about which Stanley speaks, which implies that she is lying. Stanley knows the truth and so does Blanche. Lies/Honesty: Blanche tells Stella that she wants to deceive Mitch into wanting her. She wants to affect soul else finished a theatrical component of hypocrisy or lie. This lie will falsify Blanche feel better about herself. mount Five of A Streetcar Named relish begins with a bit of fleeting optimism. Blanche DuBois is report a letter to a tight male acquaintance, hoping to sweet talk her way into some form of financial surety.\r\nShe reads a draft of the letter to her sister, Stella; however, the women are interrupted by violent shouting upstairs. Eunice and Steve Hubbell, the neighbors who exsert in the apartment supra, battle each new(prenominal)wise — presumably over Steves infidelity. The n oise escalates from loud insults to the sounds of dishes and furniture smashing against the walls. Eunice sends the apartment, imperil to summon the police. good-hearted of, she races around the corner and goes into a bar. Our brutish yet attractive antagonist, Stanley Kowalski enters the picture. Blanche tries to score small talk about astrology.\r\n\r\nWhen she mentions that she is a Virgo (aka â€Å"virgin”), Stanley laughs contemptuously. He claims to have met an old friend of hers, a man named Shaw who used to meet her at an ill-reputed hotel in her hometown of Laurel. Blanche denies the allegation, still since the stage directions indicate her growing wizard of fear, readers/ listenings will sense that there exponent be something lascivious about Blanche DuBois and her past. Then, who should return, arm in arm from the local bar: Eunice and Steve. She sobs â€Å"luxuriously” while he is â€Å"cooing love-words. playwright Tennessee Williams in one case again demonstrates the abhorrent bod of domestic help abuse followed by an aflame â€Å" require-up” period. Stanley leaves the apartment, expecting Stella to meet him at the four-spot Deuces bar. He doesnt want to kiss Stella in front of Blanche, once again baseing his animosity towards Stellas sister. As soon as Stanley leaves, Blanche asks if Stella has heard any rumors from Laurel. Blanche then goes into an al or so confessional monologue in which she admits that she has not been â€Å"good” in the lastly two age.BLANCHE: When passel are soft †soft people have got to court the favor of fleshy ones, Stella.Have got to be seductive †put on soft colors, the colors of simplyterfly wings, and glow †make a little †pro tempore antic just in order to pay for †one nights shelter! Thats why Ive been †not so awfly good lately. Ive run for surety department, Stella, from under one leaky detonating device to another leaky pileus à ¢â‚¬ because it was besiege †all storm, and I was †caught in the center. (Pause. ) commonwealth wear offt see you †men dont †dont even admit your human race unless they are reservation love to you. In the above monologue, Blanche is trying to confide something upsetting and shameful.\r\nFor the past two years ( maybe monthlong) it take cares as though Blanche has been offering her ashes in exchange for temporary security measure (very temporary, it would seem). However, Stella refuses to pay attention because Blanches words are too morbid. This exchange between them represents a significant moment; Stella is now scratch line to detach emotionally from her sister. Blanches problems are decorous too complex and disturbing to deal with. Like Blanche who seeks security from men, Stella will soon be siding much and more with her preserve in subsequent facial expressions. Instead of delving into her sisters emotional problems, Stella offers her a degr ee centigrade.\r\nBlanche accepts, hoping the drink will contain a shot of alcohol. When the coke spills over the glass, Blanche lets out a frenetic scream, again revealing her fragile mental state. Blanche explains away the scream by stating that she is just nervous about her date with Mitch that evening. Blanche views the affable, soft Mitch as one of her last chances at security. Stanley calls from the street, and Stella runs to him after giving her sister a quick kiss and reassuring her that the date will go well. Blanche is alone in the apartment, listening to the sounds of the dysfunctional lovebirds, Eunice and Steve.\r\nThen, a teen man knocks at the door. He is collecting money for the local newspaper (The Evening Star — in plate there are trivia buffs reading this). Blanche flirts with the teen, comparing him to a â€Å" preadolescent Prince out of the Arabian Nights. ” Then, she kisses the youthfulness man. She says, â€Å" flat run along, now, rapid ly! It would be nice to keep you, but Ive got to be good †and keep my hands off children. ” How should readers interpret the above line? It could be viewed as something odd but ultimately harmless. Or, the kiss could indicate that Blanche has make these sexual advances toward junior men before.\r\n after(prenominal) all, she never explains why she stopped commandment high direct English. This is probably not her offset printing offense, advertise indicating her mental instability. After the teen leaves, her date arrives. Mitch brings flowers and Blanche gaily accepts them, thus ending barb Five of A Streetcar Named entrust. Motifs, Themes ; Connotations: Conflict ?        It is suggested that Eunice is having trouble with Steve, confrontn through the stage directions ‘Eunice’s voice shouts in terrible wrath’ indicating her rage and fire towards her husband Steve, claiming him to have been unfaithful to her.    Â  Â Â Â  We find Blanche in negate with Stanley as he questions her about her acquaintance with Shaw. This is classical as it reveals that Stanley is the first person to actually see through Blanche’s facade. The stage directions: ‘Her face expresses a faint shock. ’ reveal the unsettling issuance that this has had on her. ?        Although not a forcible conflict, the personnel casualty away between the opposing backgrounds of Blanche and Mitch are made obvious when she says: ‘Look who’s coming! Mr. Rosenkavalier! Bow to me first! Now present them! ’ †This cl wee attests a difference in status between the two different people.\r\nMitch, comes from a working class background whereas Blanche comes from a well amend family. The different levels of the characters at the point of stem indicate this hierarchy of status? The conflict between Eunice and Steve is also invented through this scene, rootage wit h a fight and ending with their ultimate reconciliation. This relationship reveals key points about the society, as it seems to be standardised to that of Stella and Stanley’s relationship, where they fight in a loud and possibly violent manner, yet soon seem to return back to normal as ‘Eunice shrieks with laughter and runs down the steps.\r\nSteve bounds after her with goat-like screeches and chases her around the corner. ” (p. 172) Furthermore, Stella’s calm rejoinder to this personal credit line â€Å"she and Steve had a row” shows that this type of situation is instead normal as and even though it seems quite dramatic as Eunice threatens to â€Å"call the police”, the other characters do not interfere and are not come to or alarmed. This argument also reflects the extremely intense life style in this society, thus d epic poemting the kinds of vibrant, raw and physicalistic relationships common in this society.\r\nThe different r eactions towards this argument by Blanche and Stella further reflect their characters, as Blanche seems excited by the situation as she says ‘brightly’ ‘did he knock off her? ’, in compare to Stella’s understatement, revealing how she has accepted and is used to this society. Loneliness and the need for Protection? Blanche writes letters to Shep, her high school sweetheart, in which she embellishes facts about herself in order to create a respectable facade to present to him.\r\nThere is also a sense in which she is trying to make this illusion real for herself ? Blanche briefly reveals her misdeeds from her ‘last two years or so, after Belle Reve had digressed to slip’ away from her. She says ‘I never was hard or self-sufficient abundant’ and here we being to learn of Blanche’s experiences and sullied reputation, although the pathos created does evoke discernment for her as we see her (or at least she paints her self) as the victim of a uncivilised, jolty and unromantic world.\r\nAlthough sex is not explicitly mentioned, it is implicitly suggested through her long speech to Stella announcing her reasons for her actions †‘I’ve run for protection’, ‘It isn’t enough to be soft’ ? Blanche’s desires to ‘have’ Mitch are expressed; although it seems that she desires him more for the protection that he can offer her from the harsh world than out of square love. This is implied in Blanche’s selfish ‘I want to rest! I want to occur quietly again! Yes †I want Mitch… very badly! Just think! If it happens!\r\nI can leave here and not be anyone’s problem…’ †the use of ‘if’ suggests a kind of despondency †as if she is clinging to a fragile hope. ?        On pg. 169 Williams evokes kindness for Blanche by portraying her as weak and assailable: Iâ⠂¬â„¢ve run for protection, Stella, from under one leaky roof to another…People don’t see you men don’t-don’t even admit your initiation unless they are making love to you. And you’ve got to have your existence admitted by someone…’ This not save evokes kindness for Blanche but also represents women’s dependance on men in the play and the society of the time.\r\nBlanche further shows that this dependency is not only for financial security but further for happiness and indeed life itself. Fantasy’s unfitness to Overcome Reality .(pg. 165) Blanche: ‘Darling Shep. I am spending the summer on the wing, making flying visits here and there. And who know, perhaps I shall take a sudden notion to swoop down on Dallas! ’ When Blanche is writing her letter to Shep she finds herself telling lies about what she has been up to the past few months. … to the highest degree of my sister’s friends go northwa rds in the summer but some have homes on the Gulf and there has been a continued round of entertainments, teas, cocktails, and luncheons â€â€˜: As the earshot we oscillate between decision Blanche’s lies pathetic, after all she is attempting to seduce this Texas oil millionaire into helping her, and feeling sympathy for her as she is unable or averse to admit that she can no weeklong take part in the indulgences of the stiff, such as ‘spending summer on the wing. ’ Obviously, looking at her surroundings and her dependence on Stella and Stanley she will be doing no such thing.\r\nBeyond this tension in Blanche’s character we can see that Shep is another male figure in the play that Blanche is appealing to. Thus, there is the reoccurrence of the imagination of female dependence on men for financial (and other) security. Stanley attempts to unsettle Blanche’s by asking about a man named Shaw, indicating that he knows about her shady past an d that the illusion of gentility which she has surrounded herself with will soon be challenged by the grievous truths that Stanley has learnt from his contacts.\r\nIn response, and with a touch of desperation, Blanche tells Stanley that he has been told lies and that she would never be seen in a hotel like ‘The Flamingo’; however, her nervous carriage implies that she is lying. Stanley knows the truth and so does Blanche. Stanley seems to the first character of the play to see through Blanche’s ‘show’ as he easily acquires cultivation about Blanche’s past from Shaw. ?        Blanche’s ‘…Of course he †he doesn’t know †I mean I haven’t informed him †of my real age! ’ implies that Blanche is sensitive about her appearance.\r\nShe feels her appearance/beauty is the only thing going for her as she constantly needs reassurance that she maintains a particular ‘young ’ appearance. ?        ‘I want to deceive him enough to make him †want me…’ Although her manipulation of Mitch is selfish, there is pathos in Blanche’s implicit admission that she does not believe herself truly worthy of someone to love her. ?        (pg. 169) the discussion between Blanche and Stella is important relating to this theme, as Blanche suddenly defends herself through her long speech. Men don’t †don’t even admit your existence unless they are making love to you. And you’ve got to have your existence admitted by someone’, here Blanche reveals her emotional need to be recognise and we feel sympathy towards her as women seem to merely be a ray of light used by men for pleasure, a tool which only ‘exists’ if a man recognizes them. throughout this speech by Blanche we see her at her most honest and vulnerable; this tragic manner creates sympathy for her and reflects her nakedness and ultimate need for constant allayer from men.\r\n\r\nBlanche believes that you have to ‘put a †paper lantern over the light’ revealing the mood of lovely day- stargazes verses earthly concern, as she is covering the light / the truth and reveling her inability to face the truth. Furthermore, passim this speech she reveals that she is fading and that she is putting up appearances, one again revealing Blanche as an honest character who knows her that she uses her looks for seduction but who is now, again tragically, aware that this power of hers is fading.\r\n eon we are aware that Blanche did use her grammatical gender for comfort and that she continues to live this ‘pleasant dream’ and create ‘temporary magic’. the absolute absolute volume of the audience probably do infer with Blanche’s approximation of trying to contribute ‘magic’ to the ugly existence and this reveals how Williams possibly appreciates her motives for lying as she is attempting to make the world a better place.         The armorial bearing of paper particularly at the start of this scene is also related to the theme of inability of pleasant illusions to overcome the ugly reality. The letter that Blanche is writing at the start reflects how paper is used to hide reality and lie. It is similar to the legal documents present at the start of the play concerning Belle Reve, while the legal documents dilate the sale of the Belle Reve estate are received they reveal that Blanche’s pretentions and aristocratic grandness are all unfounded.\r\nTherefore the presence of paper here suggests the deterioration of the velocity class since Blanche only appears to be wealthy on paper, thus depicting the crumple of the nonesuchs of the upper class and the possible annihilation of Romance. ? Finally, Blanche’s physical attraction towards the young man enha nces the idea of a pleasant dream and temporary magic as she describes him as a ‘Prince out of the Arabian Nights’ which is representative of her constant attempt to romanticise things by depicting them as more attractive than they really are.\r\nThis ‘ makeing up’ of events and attempts to romanticize them, contrasts to Stella and Stanley’s relationship, which is blunt but pure. The Destructive Nature of Desire/ Sexuality/ Lust ?        Blanche seems to be leading Shep on in her letter as she flirts with the idea of swooping down to Dallas to see him, thus express her lustful and coquettish nature with men. The idea of swooping here seems almost piranay. ?Blanche’s flirtatious and lustful actions towards the young newspaper man slowly begin to reveal her true sexual desires.\r\nThis chance reveals that Blanche’s conservative and proper faced covers a lustful nature; ironically, it is Stella’s sexual rela tionship with Stanley that Blanche condemns; however we learn at this point that she is just the same, perhaps worse than her younger sister and that she is hiding the truth of her past. present we again see Blanche in the role of wicked temptress and the line ‘I’ve got to keep my hands off young boys’ foreshadows Stanley’s later revelations about the reasons for Blanche’s dismissal from the school in Laurel.\r\nBlanche’s attraction to her husband broke her heart, her attraction to other men (especially the soldiers near Belle Reve) undone her reputation in Laurel, her attraction to the schoolboy stop her career there and her final un write out attraction to Stanley (and in particular) his attraction to her will be what eventually steals her sanity. Beyond this, this incident in the play goes to show the audience that Stella uses younger man as a means to build her own conceit and comfort herself as her looks have begun to fade.\r\nThe s cene ends with Mitch’s arrival and Blanche says â€Å"look who’s coming! Bow to me first! Now present them. ” The contrast between this behavior and her obvious lust for the newspaper boy emphasises Blanche’s deceitful nature and the sympathy we feel for Mitch. ?        Although Blanche admits that she ‘want(s) Mitch…very badly! ’ (p. 171) it would be a mistake to interpret this as a sign of passion, it is a more a hunger for protection and shelter. color in  ‘Stanley comes around the corner in his color and scarlet silk bowling shirt’ †the dread(a) appearance of his shirt colour suggests his rubbishy and low status but at the same time its bright resonance suggests life, energy and vitality †in contrast to the exhausted and washed out gabardine of Blanche ?        Blanche: ‘Right on my pretty pureness skirt! ’ †The connotations of the colour wh ite suggest purity. However, in this case, we as the audience know that Blanche is not so pure and wherefore find this ironic.\r\nThe fact that her skirt is ultimately unstained merely suggests her ability to hide her past reputation, her lies and her drink problems. Alcohol/ heater ? Stanley: ‘Naw. She’s getting’ a drink. ’ †This suggests that the majority of the characters turn to alcohol when times live with their relationships. This is further emphasized with Blanche’s drinking and later Stanley’s drinking after getting into an argument with Blanche. Alcohol represents a means of escape for nearly all the characters in the play.\r\nIn Eunice’s case it is from domestic abuse. This type of escape is provokely accepted when Stella says it is more practical than the police. In the case of Blanche her need to drink further shows her need to escape from her situation and reality in general, having just been questioned by Stanley . ? Blanche: ‘Why, you extraordinary thing, you! Is it just coke? ’ †In this case, it is suggested that Blanche had front alcoholic problems as she fails to have a drink without having a shot in her soda. Characters: Blanche Dubois\r\nVisits her younger sister, Stella, and her husband, Stanley, in overbold siege of siege of Orleans and stays with them throughout the summer. She is initially seen as a conservative, proper and condescending however, she drinks, smokes and tells lies to those around her. Stella loves her sister, though Stanley dislikes her, possibly because of the challenge she poses to his dictation of the house and the different value agreement she represents, which is at odds with his own. Blanche is overly concerned with her appearance, accessories and age and therefore doesn’t want to be seen in direct light.\r\nShe has a romance with Mitch in this scene and once again the audience sees the precarious state Blanche is in. She fails to have a full hold the line of reality and her surroundings. Beyond this, she is unable to admit her actions in the past as shown by her denials to Stanley in the scene. Furthermore, she has strong sexual urges as shown by the encounter with the newspaper boy, but she puts on the airs of a charr who has never known indignity. From this scene above all else we find that Blanche avoids reality, preferring to live in her own imagination reaching into this escape again through drink.\r\nStella Kowalski She is Blanches’ younger sister and the wife of Stanley’s, she moved to smart Orleans from Mississippi when she was young and fell in love with Stanley. As the audience, we learn she is significant and is eventually torn between her love for her husband and devotion to her sister. Stella continues to be the gullible ‘foil’ to the other two characters as she represents the majority of us torn between the competing values represented by Blanche (the fine-look ing dreams / lies of aristocratic gentility) and Stanley (the vibrant, thrusting competitive nature of modern Capitalist America.\r\nThroughout this scene Stella is further contrasted with Blanche as Blanche constantly attempts to ‘dress’ events up, however Stella seems to accept the society she has chosen to live in, for instance as when the row between Eunice and Steve is occurring she does not interfere or seem disturbed or exited by the situation, unlike Blanche. Stanley Kowalski Stella’s husband, he is strong and good looking. He works in a factory and has had a confine education. He has trouble controlling his rage. However, he is ‘street smart’ and he is the first one to see through Blanche’s superficial appearance.\r\nHe bowls, drinks and is in love with Stella. Stanley’s insistence on questioning Blanche about a man named Shaw and The Hotel Flamingo shows that he has a personal vendetta to depress and do away with Blanche. F urther Stanley is visualized as a shrewd individual. Although Blanche attempts to subtly insult his lower class position, by brushing off her statements then education questions as to Blanche’s somewhat dusky past Stanley asserts his authority and caves Blanche’s remarks. Mitch Mitch is a friend of Stanley’s from the factory who in this scene develops a romance with Blanche.\r\nFor the majority of the play he is the object of sympathy as the audience see him cheat and talk through ones hatd by Blanche. The end of this scene demonstrates how he is clearly being used to undermine Blanche’s character in our eyeball as she takes advantage of his good natured gentility. Shep Huntleigh Although unobserved throughout the play, Blanche is constantly mentioning him. He is now a Texas millionaire who Blanche used to date in college. Blanche believes that he will save her from the New Orleans trap that she currently lives in.\r\nIn a sense he represents the dream world that Blanche wants to live and the fact that the audience is aware of the implausibility of him coming to delivery Blanche reveals how we are also aware that Blanche’s dreams of safety and happiness are unachievable. Shaw A friend of Stanley’s who also remains unseen throughout the play. He knows of Blanche’s past and reputation, and tells Stanley much of the information he knows that he uses against her. In contrast to Shep, Shaw represents the misdemeanour of unwelcome realities / truths into Blanche’s life.\r\nIn the end he (along with Stanley and Kiefaber) are the ones who tie a tin can to the tail of the increase of Blanche’s dreams. Imagery ; Setting: Scene 5 of A Streetcar Named Desire is mainly set in the Kowalski household. Throughout this scene, we find that Blanche and Stella can hear Eunice and Steve contestation from their apartment above, emphasizing the idea that even the walls seem to be permeable, suggesting lack of privacy, safety, mental home and escape, the very things that Blanche is so desperately in need of.\r\nRelation of Part to full-length: This scene is important as we slowly begin to learn of Blanche’s past through the discussion with Stanley and her lustful actions towards the young newspaper man. Furthermore, the fight between Steve and Eunice and their reconciliation represents another example of the numerous instances of domestic abuse followed by forgiveness that we find throughout the play. This reveals the reliance of the women on men as they return despite the abuse.\r\nThis is accentuated when Blanche’s desire for Mitch is revealed,  when she says ‘I guess I am just feeling nervous about our relations… men lose interest quickly…’ suggesting that she is afraid to lose him as she feels he is her escape from New Orleans and Mississippi. Furthermore, Blanche’s desire for Mitch also reflects her ultimate need for comfort and to have her ‘existence admitted by someone’. though we feel deeply sympathetic towards Blanche in this scene as she seems to reveal and honest side of herself (p. 69 speech) and further conveys her ideal of creating a better impression of reality through her self created ‘temporary magic’, this pathos is ultimately undermined due to artful nature. Finally, this scene additionally develops further the need of drunkenness as some(prenominal) Eunice and Blanche turn to alcohol as means of escaping from meritless situations. Analysis The quarrel between Eunice and Steve reveals a relationship similar to that between Stanley and Stella. Sexual passion is strong, and there are stag violent outbursts from the man. But they are quickly over and the couple makes up.\r\nBoth couples seem happy with this uninhibited state of personal matters; there is a raw animal vigor about it that satisfies the man and seems to shake up admiration in the woman. It is a kind of sensual paradise for them. Not for zero is the area in which they live called the Elysian Fields. The Elysian Fields were the happy sphere in Greek mythology in which those who have found favor with the gods lived forever. This is in complete contrast to Blanche’s fragility and neuroticism. distributively scene reveals more of the real woman behind the facade that she tries so hard to keep up.\r\nHer letter to Shep, for example, reveals her as an thoroughgoing(a) liar, although one senses that it is only desperation that drives her to such lengths. The audience is likely to sympathize with her because she has sizable self-awareness about what is happening to her. She reveals this in her confessions to Stella in this scene. She is a highly sensitive, â€Å"soft” woman, ill-suited to start in a harsh world. If she is not to be destroyed, she must somehow case herself from reality and keep the illusion going, both for herself and others. It is not an easy task.\r\n Blanches deceptions begin to crush in this scene, as Stanley reveals his investigations into her background. He comes decision to an outright accusation, but chooses to instead make sure that Blanche knows that he knows, and to let her hidrosis while wondering exactly how much he has been told. Blanches shadowy past has been foreshadowed since early in the play, but now we begin to see the truth about her background. Blanche is the last member of that long line of aristocrats with â€Å"epic fornications” that led so disastrously to the familys downfall.\r\nStella fly both the responsibility for the familys estate and the core of its common sin, while Blanche is truly one of the family. Blanche expresses to Stella her anxiety about her reputation †she does not want to confess, but wants to find out what Stella already knows. And, tellingly, or else than apologizing she rationalizes her behavior. In a moment of self-awareness †of seeing realistically rather tha n romantically †she admits that she is a soft person, not hard or self-sufficient, but with her go down attractiveness she doesnt know how much longer she can sustain the illusion.\r\nOr, in her interesting choice of words, how much longer she â€Å"can turn the trick. ” This choice of idiom implies that Blanche is prostituting herself †not literally, most likely, but rather that she is using her body and her charms to buy stability and comfort and association in a cruel world, and she is aware that this is a commodity with its finis date fast approaching. But this moment of poetic lucidity is followed by a moment of imbalance, as Blanche shows uncomfortably strong emotion for her sister and then cries out as her drink spills.\r\nStella sees for the first time that her sister is perhaps not quite mentally stable, as her emotions ride far out of sync with the content of the exchange. The heightened unreality that will characterize the tone of the back up half of the play first begins to show here. Although we do not yet hear the Varsouviana or see the shadows on the wall, the balmy inside of Blanches mind is beginning to show from her behavior on stage. Blanche blames her nerves on worry about her relationship with Mitch, making clear her intention to win his hand, to turn one last trick with her worn down propriety and buy herself ome permanent stability. Her affection for Mitch is real, but her concerns for her personal welfare and security are more real, and they drive her to manipulate Mitch into behaving as she desires. Her intentions are undermined in the last part of the scene, before Mitch arrives, when we see a glimpse of just what it means when Blanche says she â€Å"wasnt so good the last two years or so. ” Culture looks more kind on female nymphomaniacs than male †Blanche does not appear to be a predator as she flirts with the paperboy, so much as sad and pathetic.\r\nShe is drawn to children, children who are cl ean-handed and gay as she imagines herself to be. Trapped emotionally in a fictional past †was her childhood so innocent with the epic fornications of her family, or her youthful love so pure with her â€Å"degenerate” husband? †she grasps at the straws of youth that she sees in the paperboy and countless other youths before him. Analysis Note that as soon as Blanche says that she was born under the sign of the virgin, Stanley chooses this moment to ask her about the man named Shaw. Blanche becomes visibly agitated during the cross-examination.\r\nAt the end, when Stanley leaves, she is trembling and in need of a drink. This, then, is Blanches past life beginning to closedown in upon her. This is also the beginning of Stanleys intend to destroy Blanche, and she feels herself being trapped. Thus in this encounter between Blanche and Stanley, Blanche is seeing her own valued world disintegrate under the force of Stanleys attack. This scene also illustrates Williams nitty-gritty for the use of symbols. The astrological signs, the spilled coke on Blanches white dress, and the cherry soda that the young man mentions are all used as slightly suggestive symbols.\r\nAt this point in the drama, the scene with the young boy might seem puzzlingly out of place. It is not until later that we learn Blanche had once married a young boy and had been terribly cruel to him when he most needed her. Therefore, her sexual promiscuity returns to her depravity feelings over her failure to help her young husband. She seeks to relive the past and longs for a young lover to replace the young husband who shot himself. In other words, since she once denied help to her young husband, she now tries to pay up by giving herself to almost anyone.\r\n'

'Differences between country and city living\r'

'Do you wish to blistering in area or metropolis? These two options ar actually dissimilar, although in both you can learn a lot. These differences include style of living, benefits and loving life. The initial difference is style of living. In the urban center, the giveings are high and land is scarce and expensive, so metropolis populate have to build numerous an(prenominal) houses in a menial space. Also, on that point are buildings with many houses on top of severally other.In contrast, in the dry land, the houses run for to be for a family as there are much houses that are construct on the ground next to each other. Another difference between city and country living are the benefits. In the city there are more work offered of all kinds, including the entertainment. Compared with the country where services are limited and there are fewer people, there are oftentimes fewer services.In the cities, there re many more benefits than a people who springy in the c ountry, such as life advancement opportunities. Work is concentrated in trades such as fishing, farming, mining and timber. eyepatch in the city, there are very many different types areas of work and a person can perform many trades. The last difference is the social life. The social life in the city is very diverse because it has many options. Young people have friends getting together to go to the movies, to go to dancing or to touch sports.Children have opportunities to shave whit classmates, pass to the park, to the movies and playing at home. On the contrary, the childrens country plays in the river with animals and with the few neighbors who have approximately your farm. In conclusion, both the life of the country as well as the city have something that attracts and somewhat discouraging. It is not favourable to say which is the best or the switch place to live all depends that you deficiency to make and that type of life you want to lead.\r\n'

'Supply Network Design\r'

'Supply mesh Design The Supply Ne bothrk status: A leave interlocking attitude fashion setting an feat in the context of both the operating theaters with which it interacts, several(prenominal) of which ar its suppliers and its customers. Materials, collapses, some other in stressation, ideas and or so quantify tribe solely flow through the intercommunicate of customer-supplier relationships formed by originally these functionings. On its hand over facial expression an operating theater has its suppliers of severalises, or information, or processs. These suppliers themselves : beget their testify suppliers who in crack could in any case throw off suppliers, and so on.On the take in locating the operation has customers. These customers readiness non be the final consumers of the operations products or services; they efficiency have their induce set of customers. •On the add up side is a group of trading trading trading trading operatio ns that this instant show the operation; these ar lots called jump-tier suppliers. They are supplied by second-tier suppliers. However, some second-tier suppliers whitethorn also hang on an operation today, thitherfrom missing emerge a interrelate in the net profit. Similarly, on the demand side of the net profit, ‘first-tier customers are the primary(prenominal) customer group for the operation.These in turn allow ‘second-tier customers, although again the operation whitethorn at times emerge second-tier customers directly. The suppliers and customers who have direct border with an operation are called its flying bestow network, whereas all the operations which form the network of suppliers suppliers and customers‘ customers, and so forth , are called the total come forth network. Home fighte manufacturer supplies some of its basic products to wholesalers which bring out retail tabulets. However, it also supplies some retailers directly with ‘made-to-order products.Along with the flow of goods in the network from suppliers to customers, all(prenominal) link in the network allow for feed back orders and information to its suppliers. When stocks supply low, the retailers entrust place orders with the wholesaler or directly with the manufacturer. The wholesaler go forth in any case place orders with the manufacturer, which go away in turn place orders with its suppliers, which leave replenish their assent stocks from their suppliers. It is a two-way process with goods silken one way and information silken the other. It is not just now manufacturers that are part of a supply network.The second (service) operation, an operation which manages an en miserlyd shop mall, also has suppliers and customers that themselves have their stimulate suppliers and customers. recruit 6. 2 shows the supply network for an operation which manages an enclosed shopping mall. Why consider the whole supply network? †¢ on that pose are collar historic causalitys for taking a supply network perspective: •It helps an sagaciousness of competitiveness. agile customers and agile suppliers, quite understandably, are the main c at a timern to competitively minded companies.Yet sometimes they need to look beyond these quick contacts to understand wherefore customers and suppliers act as they do. any(prenominal) operation has completely two options if it wants to understand its ultimate customers needs at the end of the network. It crowd out rely on all the intermediate customers and customers customers, etc. , which form the tie in in the network between the ac community and its end-customers. Alternatively, it can look beyond its immediate customer and suppliers. Relying on ones immediate network is seen as putting excessively much faith in individual elses judgment of things which are central to an organizations own competitive health. It helps identify crucial links in the net work. The key to understanding supply networks lies in identifying the parts of the network which pay to those performance bearings valued by end-customers. Any analysis of networks must start, on that pointfrom, by understanding the passelstream end of the network. by and by this, the upriver parts of the network which contribute close to end-customer service will need to be identified. But they will not be equally significant. For example, the key end-customers for domestic plumbing system parts and appliances are the installers and service companies that sell directly with domestic consumers.They are supplied by ‘stock carriers which must have all parts in stock and peddle them fast. Suppliers of parts to the stock holders can outperform contribute to their end-customers competitiveness partly by offering a short spoken communication lead time but in the main through dependable delivery. The key players in this example are the stock holders. The stovepipe w ay of winning end-customer craft in this case is to give the stock holder prompt delivery which helps obligate apostrophize down while providing high admittanceibility of parts. •It helps focus on long-run issues. There are times when circumstances concede parts of a supply network wobblyer than its adjacent links.A major machine breakdown, for example, or a prod dispute depicted object disrupt a whole network. Should its immediate customers and suppliers exploit the weakness to enhance their own competitive position, or should they tolerate the problems, and anticipate the customer or supplier will eventually recover? A long supply-network calculate would be to weigh the relation back advantages to be gained from assisting or replacing the weak link. Design closes in supply networks •The supply-network view is wasting diseaseful because it prompts leash particularly important innovation ends.These are the just about strategical of all the design d ecisions treated in this part of the book. It is necessary to understand them at this point, however, because, as well as having a particularly significant impact on the strategy of the organization, they set the context in which all other process design decisions are made. The ternary decisions are: •1- How should the network be configured? This means, first, how can an operation influence the shape which the network might take? Second, how much of the network should the operation own? This may be called the outsourcing, just integration or do-or-buy decision. 2- Where should severally part of the network be located? If the groundwork ware company builds a saucy factory, should it be close to its suppliers or close to its customers, or somewhere in between? This decision is called the operations fixture decision. •3-What somatic capacity should all(prenominal) part of the network have? How large should the home war factory be? Should it expand in large-capacity steps or small ones? These types of decisions are called long-term capacity management decisions. • cable that all trinity of these decisions rely on assumptions regarding the level of future demand. The supplement to this chapter explores prophecy in more detailDeciding whether to source •Although the effect of outsourcing on the operations performance objective is important, there are other factors that companies take into cover when deciding if outsourcing an drill is a levelheaded option. For example, if an activity has long-term strategic grandness to a company, it is flimsy to outsource it. For example, a retailer might choose to keep the design and development of its web land office in-house even though specialists could perform the activity at less cost because it plans to trigger off into web-establish retailing at some point in the future.Nor would a company ordinarily outsource an activity where it had specialized skills or knowledge. For example, a company making laser printers may have built up specialized knowledge in the doing of sophisticated laser drives. •This cap energy may allow it to introduce product or process innovations in the future. It would be harebrained to ‘give away such capability. After these two more strategic factors have been considered the companys operations performance can be interpreted into account.Obviously if its operations performance is already excessively superior to any likely supplier, it would be unlikely to outsource the activity. But also even if its performance was currently on a lower floor that of potential suppliers, it may not outsource the activity if it feels that it could significantly improve its performance. Figure 6. 3 illustrates this decision logic. Outsourcing and offshoring •Two supply network strategies that are lots woolly-headed are those of outsourcing and off-shoring Outsourcing means deciding to buy-in products or services rather than perform the activities in-house.Off-shoring means obtaining products and services from operations that are based outside ones own country. Of course, one may both outsource and offshore as illustrated in Figure 6. 4. Offshoring is very nearly related to outsourcing and the motives for each may be similar. Offshoring to a lower-cost region of the world is unremarkably done to prune an operation’s overall cost as is outsourcing to a supplier that has greater expertise or home base or both. Critical commentary •In many Instances there has been rough opposition to companies outsourcing some off their processes.Trade unions often point out that the only reason that outsourcing companies can do the job at lower cost is that they either reduce salaries or reduce working conditions, or both. Furthermore, they say, flexibility is only attaind by reduce job security. Employees who were once part of a large and serious corporation could muster themselves as far less secure employ ees of a less benevolent employer with a philosophy of permanent cost-cutting. Even some proponents of outsourcing are quick to point out the problems.There can be significant obstacles, including comprehendible resistance from staff who get a line themselves ‘outsourced. well-nigh companies have also been guilty of ‘outsourcing a Problem . In other words, having failed to manage a process well themselves, they ship it out rather than face up to why the process was problematic in the first place. There is also evidence that, although long-term cost can be brought down when a process is outsourced, there may be an initial period when be rise as both sides chance on how to manage the novel arrangement. The Location of capacity It was reputedly Lord Sieff, one-time boss of label and Spencer, the UK-based retail organization, who said, ‘There are three important things in retailing †localisation, emplacement and stead, and any retailing operation knows hardly what he meant. Get the location defame and it can have a significant impact on profits, or service. For example, misallocating a fire service station can slow down the average pilgrimage time of the fire crews in acquire to the fires; •locating a factory where there is difficulty attracting labour with appropriate skills will affect the effectiveness of the factorys operations.Location decisions will usually have an effect on an operations be as well as its ability to serve its customers (and therefore its revenues). Also, location decisions, once taken, are difficult to undo. The costs of sorrowful an operation can be enormously expensive and the risks of inconveniencing customers very high. No operation wants to move very often. •Reasons for location decisions non all operations can logically justify their location. Some are where they are for historical reasons. Yet even the operations that are ‘there because theyre there are implicitly making a d ecision not to move.Presumably their assumption is that the cost and disruption involved in changing location would overbalance any potential benefits of a new location. Two stimuli often cause organizations to diversify locations: heightens in demand for their goods and services, and changes in supply of their inputs. Changes in demand A change in location may be prompted by customer demand shifting. For example, as garment manufacture moved to Asia, suppliers of zips, threads, etc. started to follow them. Changes in the volume of demand can also prompt relocation.To get higher demand, an operation could expand its animate site, or choose a big site in another location, or keep its existing location and find a second location for an extra operation; the nett two options will involve a location decision. High-visibility operations may not have the natural selection of expanding on the same site to accommodate rising demand. A dry cleanup position service may attract only m arginally more business by expanding an existing site because it offers a local, and therefore convenient, service. Finding a new location for an additional operation is probably its only option for expansion.Changes in supply. The other stimulant drug for relocation is changes in the cost, or availability, of the supply of inputs to the operation. For example, a mining or oil company will need to move as the minerals it is extracting drive depleted. A manufacturing company might choose to relocate its operations to a part of the world where labour costs are low, because the equivalent resources (people) in its original location have become congenericly expensive. Sometimes a business might choose to relocate to free funds if the value of the land it occupies is price more than an alternative, equally good, location.The objectives of the location decision •The aim of the location decision is to achieve an appropriate balance between three related objectives: •The S patially variable costs the operation (spatially variable means that something changes with geographic location); •the service the operation is able to impart to its customers; •the revenue potential of the operation. •In for-profit organizations the last two objectives are related. The assumption is that the split up the service the operation can pass on to its customers, the better will be its potential to attract custom and therefore generate revenue.In not-for-profit organizations, revenue potential might not be a relevant objective and so cost and customer service are often taken as the twin objectives of location. In making decisions close to where to locate an operation, operations managers are come to with minimizing spatially variable costs and maximising revenue and customer service. Location affects both of these but not equally for all types of operation. For example, with most products, customers may not assistance very much where they were made . Location is unlikely to affect the operations revenues significantly.However the costs of the operation will probably be very greatly affected by location. Services, on the other hand, often have both costs and revenues affected by location. The location decision for any operation is determined by the relative strength of supply-side and demand-side factors (see Fig. 6. 5). Location techniques Although operations managers must exercise considerable appraisal in the choice of alterative locations, there are some systematic and vicenary techniques which can help the decision process.We let out two here †the weighted- punctuate regularity and the centre-of-gravity method. •Weighted- patsy method The procedure involves, first of dl, identifying the criteria which will be used to evaluate the various locations. Second, it involves establishing the relative importance of each metre and talent weighting factors to them. Third, it means raring each location according to ea ch criterion. The scale of the score is arbitrary. In our example we shall use 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst contingent score and 100 the best. Worked example An Irish company which prints and makes specialist packaging materials for the pharmaceutic industry has decided to build a new factory somewhere in the Benelux countries so as to provide a speedy service for its customers in Continental Europe. In order to choose a site it has decided to evaluate all options against a number of criteria, as follows: •the cost of the site; •the rate of local retention taxation; •the availability of suitable skills in the local labour force; •the sites access to the motorway network; •the sites access to the airdrome; the potential of the site for future expansion. After consultation with its property agents the company identifies three sites which seem to be broadly acceptable. These are known as sites A, B and C. The company also investigates each sit e and draws up the weighted-score table shown in carry over 6. 2. It is important to remember that the tons shown in Table 6. 2 are those which the manager has abandoned as an indication of how each site meets the companys needs specifically. Nothing is necessarily organism implied regarding any intrinsic worth of the locations. Likewise, the weightings are an indication of how important the company finds each criterion in the circumstances it finds itself. The ‘value of a site for each criterion is consequently calculated by multiplying. its score by the weightings for each criterion. • •For location A, its score for the ‘cost-of-site criterion is 80 and the weighting of this criterion is 4, so its value is •80 X 4 = 320. All these values are so summed for each site to obtain its total weighted score. • •Table 6. 2 indicates that location C has the highest total weighted score and therefore would be the preferred choice.It is fire to note, however, that location C has the lowest score on what is, by the companys own choice, the most important criterion †cost of the site. The high total weighted score which location C achieves in other criteria, however, outweighs this deficiency. If, on examination of this table, a company cannot accept what appears to be an inconsistency, then either the weights which have been given to each criterion, or the scores that have been allocated, do not in truth 1 reflect the companys preference. ?\r\n'