Company Q Social Responsibility Essay

Company Q Social obligationSocial responsibility is often imagineed as an inconvenience that cuts into shargonholder profits. An organic law that with this outlook on neighborly responsibility is missing a probative opportunity to improve public perception and fight profits. This is clearly the view of company Q. When twice presented with the opportunity to create both social and fiscal capital, they failed miserably. This likely contributed to the closure of 2stores due to low performance. Not only if are they harming their stakeholders (the communities in which they operate) but, they are also harming their shareholders by not capitalizing on revenue opportunities. (Ferrell et al., 2013) There are three clear answers to their deficiencies. The first and to the highest degree obvious is to begin donating the items that are expired to the topical anesthetic food rim as requested. The second is to implement a code of moral philosophy in the corporate guidelines. Lastly, th ey should be expanding the current selections of goodish and organic foods. If these steps are followed, can the Company Q dig itself out of the want column and cipher some profits? The answer is yes.Company Q was recently approached by the local food bank, and asked to donate the day old foods that Company Q had been throwing away. attention declined, opting alternatively to to continue to write the food off as a loss and throw it into the trash. The reason that was cited was concern for fraud and employee theft. This is an example of the company fetching the short term bottom line approach. They develop completely handle an opportunity for incontrovertible public relations and social capital. Both of which have been shown to have a positive impact on monetary capi- tally Head Company Q Social ResponsibilityThere are fewer opportunities that a care is given where the benefits are so obvious with rattling little capital investment.How does Company Q accomplish this withou t risking fraud and employee theft. The answer is simple. Management is clearly not showing a commitment to ethical deportment and it has trickled down to the employee level. An organization cannot expect individual ethics to self decree organization ethics. (Ferrell et al., 2013) If Company Q were to draft a corporate code of ethics, thither would be clear guideline to follow when it came to employee expectations. In a perfect(a) world company would draft provisions within this code of ethics for positively impacting the communities they operate beyond offering goods and services for sale. This would send a clear message toemployees of expectations give the company a more positive outlook on social responsibility.Thereby, benefiting both stakeholders and shareholders alike. (Ferrell et al., 2013) Company Q has a fiducial responsibility as well as a social responsibility. Their fiduciary responsibility is to their shareholders. Management has missed out on opportunities to grow the business in market segments that had been previously ignored. It is not often that customers give accost feedback that translates to higher profits. In the case of healthy organic food options macrocosm requested by customers, this is the case. Not only have customers stated that they ordain buy these items, but these are high margin items that will drive profits, and allow them to increase value for their shareholders. At the same time their social responsibility obligations are being fulfilled by offering these healthy foods to customers.Running Head Company Q Social ResponsibilityIn a time when many small local businesses struggle to compete with liberal mega corporations such as Wal-Mart, they cannot afford to ignore an option for strengthening their business. steady if it is different than what they have traditionally done.ReferenceFerrell, O. (2013). Business Ethics 2009 modify Ethical Decision Making and Cases VitalSouce bookshelf version. Retrieved from http//onlin e.vitalsource.com/books/9781285279985/id/ch2-L1

Malunggay and Spinach Essay

I.Chapter I (Introduction)Background of the register (Rationale)He gives us that gigantic goodness of nature and vegetation is among those. As man propagates for abundance he deserves to harbor tremendous benefits from it. The discovery of herbaceous plantal plants made the possible creative activity of new-fangled medicament. Modern medicine makes use of these plants in making capsulise herbal medicine or food supplements. It is scientifically proven that legion(predicate) of vitamins and minerals are found in herbal plants that open fire supply the need of living things, specifically humans. These vitamins and minerals help supply energy within a persons body, which is needed for everyday activities in order for them to action well. Herbal plants nowadays are not just made as medicinal purposes but also as food ingredients so that it may add a unique and healthier flavor to foods.Malunggay was once considered a poor mans vegetable but now it is cognise as a miracle cha nnelise or natures medicine cabinet by scientists and health care failers from around the world because it is monied with vitamins and minerals that can be an effective remedy against many kinds of ailments such as arthritis, anemia, ovarian cancer, heart complications, kidney problems, asthma and digestive disorders. Each ounce of Malunggay contains sevener times the Vitamin C found in oranges, four times the Vitamin A of carrots, three times the iron of spinach, four times as a good deal calcium as milk and three times the potassium of bananas. prickly-seeded spinach is well-known in stabilizing the alliance sugar among diabetics, it serves as an anti-oxidant, an anti-cancer agent, it prevents from atherosclerosis or thickening and aphonicening of arteries and it aids in the formation of the blood substance required for blood clotting.Besides of it being considered as an herb rich in Iron, it is also a rich source of Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, Fat, Protein, Vitamin A, Bet a-carotene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Folate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and Calcium. The combination of both herbs can surely make a nutritious supplement for all ages. This study aims to presents the result of the beneficial rumple of Malunggay and prickly-seeded spinach called as Malunggay and Spinach gunpowder. A power duo, a reaping of nature, harness within bear upon and concocted with simplicity.II.Statement of the ProblemThe study aspired primarily, to search for alternative ways of utilizing the common backyard plants Malunggay and Spinach so that it wont be placed into waste. Secondarily, make a different and simple preparation of it castigate in ones home aside from the usual capsulize and tablet forms, which currently dominate in the market. Lastly, to disseminate the information on how to augment a nutritional need within in reach and friendly to the pocket. The study addressed the following specific questions1.) What are the procedures in preparing the Malunggay and Spinach powder?2.) Is there a specific expiration for this overlap?3.) Are there different processes of drying each kind of leaves?4.) How long can the end product be stored?5.) Is it advisable to dry the Malunggay and Spinach leaves to a lower place direct sunlight?6.) What are the uses of the Malunggay and Spinach powder as an linear?7.) What specific amounts of Malunggay and Spinach to be prepared to meet our nutritional postulate?8.) What are the nutritional values from the combination of Malunggay and Spinach?9.) Can this enquiry work possibly be pursued in the future?III.Significance of the disciplineHealth awareness is the prime investment, ingenuity is the investors joining effort and wellness is the net gain. Most flock think that adapting a healthy and well-conditioned look is expensive and difficult to achieve. The significance is just how one resourcefully utilizes the cheap, the pictorial abundance of nature, and the untiring quest to alternatives and remedi es. Malunggay and Spinach are kind of vegetables that are rich with vitamins, minerals and amino acids that are needed for optimum health.The purposeful cahoots result serve as a supplement Malunggay, touted as All- around miracle tree or Natures medicine cabinet contains a wide variety of nutrients in high amounts and Spinach, known as Powerhouse of Nutrients fill in of the essence(p) Potassium, Phosphorus and Niacin that Malunggay does not have. This potent combination in powder form add nutrition to our deficient diet due to modern farming methods, nutrient-deficient soils, high levels of pollution that places more stress, and busy lifestyles that make it hard to prepare healthy balanced diet. It acts as an inexpensive insurance against nutritional deficiencies.This study will promote awareness on the relevance of portion of vegetable meals, soup, bread, dessert, shakes, juices and mixes with Malunggay and Spinach powder. It encourages households to plant Malunggay and Spinach in backyards for personal consumption. Finally, it inspires people to study and search for benefits on vegetables and other agricultural produce.IV.Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe study focused on the specifications of how to procure the major quality ingredients, the Malunggay and Spinach leaves and conscientiously observed the proper storage and maintanance of suitable room temperature. It took dickens (2) months and a half to get the final result of the research work using the method of experimentation. As Malunggay was readily cultivated in the backyard on the contrary, Spinach was a hard find. It started from a given tiny seedling from rough Busay and was replanted.

Nirvana Art Gallery Essay

paradise Art movement Nirvana Art Gallery solecism study analysis Case study analysis 1. Executive summary- This shift study is all to the highest degree the different perspectives Mr rod faces at his play place. The urge to take puzzle he went for part time job along with his ongoing PhD belong. The behave area of his interest was being a conservator while because of slight work at he was made to work in another division which was not of his interest and he faces lot many problems over there.He even used to stay late to complete the assigned work and the colleagues were also not supportive. The main problem was the lack of interest of Mr. perch for working in inquirys plane section which was further boosted up by drop down Nellys interference who was the research manager. The only solution for his problem is to chide with Miss Nelly and request her to undo the changes made in his work enumeration or else he should try to create interest in research department as we ll as it is the only option he is left with. . Situation Analysis- Introduction- this case emphasises on the disinterest of Mr. rod to work in research department. just now in spite of showing it he decided to work with full efforts. One of the problem was the unfriendly conduct of the members of this department. The over sympathy of Miss Nelly was also creating discomfort for Mr. Rod attended by mocking expressions of his colleagues. The rearrangement of working schedule further enhanced the problems of Mr.Rod which resulted from the refusal of Nellys proposal to jockstrap her in her work. But still he manages his work and become successful in creating balance between two the works. Objectives- the main objective of Mr. Rod behind working in Nirvana Art Gallery was to take experience of being a curator which entrust help him in future and also adds to his work experience. But unwillingly he was made to work in research department because of less work in his area of interest. D ecision Making- Miss Nellys extra concern and sympathy for Mr.Rod became a problem for him. And the rearrangement of his work schedule was also its consequence which enhanced the problems further. Implementation- Mr. Rod has shown a striking interest in working with NAG. In both the departments he assay to give his best. But further troubled by rescheduling of his weeks work arrangement. He can overcome this problem by completely engaging himself in the work assigned to him so that he will not feel boredom in working for research department.Or if he feels this new schedule totally inconvenient then he can make Nelly aware of his situation and probably she will help him in the matter concerned and finally he would be capable to work more in curatorial. Conclusion- the main problem in the case arise because of the extra concern and sympathy of Miss Nelly towards Mr. Rod. The one social function which he could do was going to Nelly and politely telling her about the situation and t he surreptitious looks and frowns of other members of research team which was quite embarrassing.

Female Offenders

Aarron Eilers February 22, 2010 Fe phallic Off ceaseers The number of wo manpower incarce located is exploitation at a rapid pace. This c alls for a reevaluation of our correction institutions to deal with womens involvement in nuisance. Increasing numbers of gather ups for prop aversion and do main(prenominal) order offenses ar come to the forepacing that of men. The War on Drugs has a big crop on why our prison houses strike become overcrowded in the last 25 long time. Women ar impacted to a greater extent(prenominal) than ever because they be being convicted evenly for medicine and other offenses. Female savage behavior has al panaches been identify as minor comp ard to Males criminal behavior.Over the forms women drop made up yet small part of the offender populations. t present is still only a small portion of the con game population that is pistillate but it is increasing at a game rate. Women atomic number 18 participating in more knock-down-and-drag - come in criminal offences and being convicted of crimes that were historically reserved for men. The Bureau of rightness Statistics which reports a ye arend report of number of womanhoodlys incarcerated report that thither were 26,300 females behind bars for reddish crimes after the year of 2002. blood-red crimes in women prisons accounted for thirty-three percent of the population.The overall female population to a fault change magnitude 2. 9 percent from 2003 to 2004. People brace recently juted pay much more attention to women who commit violent crimes. Women some clock put up a plan and a target when committing a crime like polish off. The target is usually some whizz rattling well-nigh to them such(prenominal) as a spouse or their children. The reasons for committing the murder range from enviously to self defense. The female usually has been a target of violence someplace in her past as well. Research that has been done fates that a female who commits mur der tends to be older than a one who commits a small crime.The Bureau of Justice Statistics indicated that most women who commit such a crime as murder did so while they were alone with the victim. Only viii percent of the time was another female or male relegate during the offense. The Bureau overly reports that forty percent of the time the female was infra the influence of some type of drug or alcohol. more or less women who have spent time in jails or prisons have a womb-to-tomb connection with the evaluator system. Estimates done in the United States show that lviii percent of women are rearrested, thirty percent strike to prison inside three years, and thirty-eight percent are reconvicted.In Kruttschnitt and Gartners go over of the literature they suggest that the demographic plays a major part in a females recidivism. Females who have a history of property crime, drug use, and a lengthy criminal history are more in all probability to recidivate. Deschenes and coll eagues study of the cohort recidivism dataset revealed similar findings. They did note that the effect of drug abuse and institutional programs were absent from the report. some(prenominal) incertitudes have surfaced when looking at the general recidivism literature. Scholars implore that the study of recidivism should have a broader range of study.It needed to add the whole life perspective not just a short period in the females life. Now that women are committing crimes at almost the same rate as men the question arises, should men and women receive the same treatment in the criminal justice system. This issue has sparked debate in the last few years. The current honor states that the defendant should not receive either special treatment cod to characteristics such as race, sexual practice, or age. These are considered extralegal and should not be considered during the sentencing process.Gender was ignored until the azoic 1980s, but when it was given attention it centre on sex disaccordences and sanctioning instead of questioning the crimes of men and the criminal justice systems response to mens crimes. Most research done on sentencing and gender goes as far keep going as 1934 when Martin concluded that females were no more likely than males to be sentenced to prison terms. One of the most recent studies by Spohn in 2002 stated that the odds of receiving a prison sentence are two and a half(a) times greater for male offenders than for female offenders.For numerous years, prison officials utilize the same type of treatment for men and women. In the last hug drug with the increasing number of women incarcerated, research shows that women have different physical and unrestrained needs. For example, women are more attached to their children that they are leaving behind, and some have histories of physical and mental abuse. The creation of two programs, Key Crest and forever Free were created to economic aid with women specific issues. Recent studies done by study Institute of Justice studies found that participants in these two programs stayed drug and arrest free for over three years.Participants were tested and interviewed once a year for three years. The studies also showed that the programs provided aftercare and treatment in areas that were not addressed in previous years. Even though some(prenominal) varied in their approach, they both recognized the many ways there were to treat the needs of women and how they differ from men. The studies also show that gender specific programs do help inmates reenter into society. There are many factors that inhibit women to commit violent crimes. Most women admit from substance abuse, spouse abuse and mental issues.The most common insecurity is being previously being abused earlier in life. A survey conducted in 2002 reported that thirty six percent of all female inmates in United States jails had been abused at some point. xxvi percent reported that they were abused by so meone of their immediate family. other possible reason for a rise in womens crime may be imputable to an idea created by sociologists called liberation guessing. In this hypothesis due to the lack of access to certain areas in society women in the past were committing crimes such as shoplifting, fraud, and prostitution.As women start to gain access to more avenues in society they are qualified to commit more serious crimes. The murder rate, crimes against property, and street crimes have increased significantly. Women used to be just the drug smugglers but promptly they are the dealers. Dr. Chishom of the Southern Region Violence & Substance Abuse Prevention focalize stated that Quite frankly women became more daring. Now they compete with men for the same crimes that once were dominated by men. Society also may be a reason for the rise in womens crime rate.Society over the last 30 years has changed dramatically and has become more violent. Women feel that they may have to pro tect themselves more than ever. Dr. Barbara Scott of Northeastern Illinois University suggests that society has an increased acceptance of violence. Violence is portrayed in the media as a way of dealing with frustration and aggression, not only in women but in men as well. Women are no longer scared of doing things that once were deemed unacceptable. They are carrying weapons, being complex in shootings, and committing child abuse.One trend that is related to women committing crimes is drug dependency. The rising rate of drug dependency has a major impact on womens crime trends. Women who rely on drugs must have a eonian income to acquire these drugs on a routine basis. This is where women tend to be involved in burglaries and robberies to fund their drug habits. Drug use also tends to make pass women into the underworld of a criminal subculture. It exposes them to violence and dangerous situations. This is where they meet men that are also connected to drug dependency.Most men that are drug dependant exploit women to feed their own habits. When studying the go of a violent female criminal research shows substantial gender variations. Most womens biographys start and end much earlier than one of a man. Females are more likely not to repeat violent crimes. Females are also more likely to shy away from any future crimes. Long term involvement as a career criminal by a woman is very rare. Case studies and interviews show a weak commitment to a life of crime. When apologiseing the female offend process most theories were created by men.Most theories have been challenged because they were created for men, and people honor if those theories can be used to explain female crime. Some criminologists argue that traditional theories are male specific and are not knowing to explain female crime. Approaches such as the anomie theory and conflict theory suggest that factors such as poverty and inequality be much of the basic crime. Consistent between the two ap proaches, both male and females show that they come from the poor and disadvantaged.These approaches help explain the gender to-do as a consequence of the lesser relevance of success goals compared to men. The neighborly processes such as differential association and labeling theory tend to explain common crime in terms of different opportunities for learning female values and skill sets. These theories would explain the gender hoo-hah as a consequence of lower access by females to learning criminal activity. The say-so Theory suggests that poor affectionate bonds account for much of the crime. This theory argues that most criminals come from a disproportional and dysfunctional family.Their education level is very low and they have a weak chain of conformity. The gender gap in this theory is explained through female socialization towards their bonding behavior. The physical exertion of the traditional theories is upkeeped by evidence that shows that females and men overlap in their causes for committing crimes. For example, male and females alike tend to have poor education, be in low income bracket, and be of the minority status. Second, there is evidence that shows that there is close relation that females and males respond to the same societal forces.While traditional theories help understand male and female crime levels, they are less high-fidelity at explaining different patterns of crime between the two. Different from male criminals, females are less likely to commit serious crime or premise crime organizations. When linked with males, females tend to be accomplices who help carry out the plan but never are the leader. Females are more likely to commit crime for more traditional reasons such as accomplishment, betterment, and self preservation. Situational pressures such as relationship problems, loss of a loved one, or need for income is a few reasons females turn to offending.The reentry contextual has been a way of understanding recidivism. The neighborhood a women returns to after being released is a main focus. Most women who are released go back to an impoverished environment which is not suited to keep them clear of crime. Most of these areas do not have the proper treatment centers that are needed to make them successful. The job markets in these neighborhoods are slim and sometimes nonexistent. In turn, moral for a woman who is trying to turn their life around becomes very low. Living conditions are also a key factor. Suitable living arrangements provide social and horny support.Mallik-Kane and Visher found that fifty six percent of women released ended up living with family and friends. Most had been given some sort of financial and emotional support. Over one quarter of these women had not received any support from their families. The Justice Departments Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that there are roughly 2. 1 million female violent crime offenders in the United States. ternion out of every four women commit crimes on other women. devil thirds of all violent women had some sort of relationship with their victim former to committing the crime.Forty percent of these women were under some influence of drugs while carrying out the crime. Over half of these offenses were committed at or near the victims house. In 1997, there were 44 known women inmates on death row. This made up about 1. 3 percent of the total on death row inmates. Society itself is always changing and has changed a kettle of fish in the last couple of decades. Crime is constant battle here in the United States and around the world. All we can do is rely to contain it and keep it as minimum as possible. As reports have been released and studies have been conducted we can see that the crime rate involving women has increased.The rate of violent crimes as in women has significantly risen every year since the early 1980s. At the end of 2001, there were nearly 9 times as many men (5,037,000) in prisons as there were women (581,000). However women are the fastest growing population in American prisons. In 2004, men were ten times more likely to commit violent crimes than women. That statistic is now false as women are committing more crime than ever before. Some argue that the reasoning for this is because of the economy and their social conditions.The majority of the females arrested for violent crimes came from poverty stricken neighborhoods where there was little chance for advancement. Over half of the females did not have a stable job when they offended. Females are included in more organized crime than they were ever before. This comes from being exposed to the elements to commit crime. Inhibiters such as the media who says its Ok to take anger and frustration out through violence or men who use women to be an accomplice in a crime. Females seem to dig themselves deeper into the criminal subculture until they end up serving a ail sentence. Unlike decades ago there are programs to help fem ales through the incarceration process. Key Crest and forever and a day Free were created to help females obtain the correct tools and support they need to return to a normal life. Due to research done after release, it has been shown that these programs due help females stay off drugs and become a positive penis of society. Works Cited Doerner, J. K. , 2007-11-14 An Examination of Sentencing Outcomes in U. S. Federal Courts Does a Gender break Exist? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the AMERICAN golf-club OF CRIMINOLOGY, Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, Georgia Online . 2010-01-24 from http//www. allacademic. com/meta/p201202_index. html Drug treatment and reentry for incarcerated women, (2005, Dec). Retrieved February 22, 2010, http//www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/212776. pdf Hickey, Eric. (2003). Encyclopedia of murder and violent crime. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Why Women Are Committing More Crimes, (2000, July).Retrieved February 22, 2010, http//findarticles. com/p/ articles/mi_m1355/is_4_98/ai_63291519/pg_2/? tag=contentcol1 Women coming home long-term patterns of recidivism. (2010, April). Justice Quarterly, 225-254. Retrieved February 22, 2010 from http//www. informaworld. com/smpp/ subdivision? content=a910861149&fulltext=713240928 Women & Girls in the Criminal Justice System. Retrieved February 22, 2010 from National Criminal Justice Reference Service Web site http//www. cjrs. gov/spotlight/wgcjs/Summary. html Women in the criminal justice system. (2007, May). Retrieved February 22, 2010,http//www. sentencingproject. org/doc/publications/womenincj_total. pdf Women offenders, (1999, Dec). Retrieved Feb 21, 2010, http//bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/press/wo. pr Zaplin, T Ruth. (2007) Female Offenders Critical Perspectives and Effective Interventions, Second Edition Sudbury, MA. Jones.

The Management Efficiency Unit

I establish been operative in the Public Registry for the last 8 years. The military position of the offices is preferably distant from my residence and sixteen separate colleagues that pass away in the aforesaid(prenominal) department have the same problem. Every morning we ar need to travel a one hour ferry and nearly 2 hours drive to arrive at work.The Management Efficiency Unit far-famed this issue and finally top management decide to take remedial action by requesting a transfer to a nonher department, the Treasury Section, which mitigates such location problem.Unfortunately the scheme designed by executive management was not kosherly planned. They also did not discuss this issue with operational managers who own far greater knowledge on the day to day footrace of the office. As a result the decision lacked practical issues and led to other problems, as will be further illustrated below.Everybody accepted the transfer and we were ultimately informed that our traini ng for the new job will take close to two or three months and will take place in the head office of the Finance Department, which is also distant. The new job was super technical and involved a lot of accountancy issues, which the majority of us were not cap adapted to comprehend that easily.The three months passed and we were still unable to work unsupervised from our tutors. The impracticality of the decision was highlighted from the fact that our principal in charge, who was also taking training was still incapable to work on his own later three months.When these issues started to crop up, crises management arose. A new assistant coach was assigned to this division, who once realized of the vast serious problems arising from such decision, he immediately denied this new role.Demotivation arose in our section and staff is constantly sound off about the problems we are facing. In addition no communication exists amidst us and executive management and we are alone with this n ew work, which we are not trained to do.The only reasonable solution that management was able to come up with is to extend the duration of the training to eight months. unless with this decision they have not yet solve the problem that the location of the office is far from home and are incurring additional cost to train us.If they planned carefully before deciding and discussed it with operational managers they would have definitely solved the problem more efficiently. It is imperative that when managing change proper communication and planning exist.ReferenceJohnson G. Scholes K. Whittington R. (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Seventh Edition. England Pearson Education Limited.

Mental Health Counseling

Professional competence among practicing mental wellness counselors has not been resolved thus far whether it is attained through a licensure or higher educational educate of this field. As per many researches that have been conducted, it takes a lot of preparedness and take in before one could get competence. Besides, advocate a soul with a mental health problem requires adequacy and expertise because irrelevant referral whitethorn result to a more(prenominal) aggravated condition on the crash of the patient. Thus, the issue of competence among mental health counselor requires a more rigid consideration for universal trainings designed to articulate susceptibility.Professional competency is not acquired easily after four years of education in college nor if someone practicing it finds counseling a less embarrassing one. Even fling pay offd therapist may also seek professional serve well or doubt their abilities as counselors according to Gerald Corey, Marianne Schnei der Corey and Patrick Callanan (p. 315). This is why many experts recommend a kind of training for these counselors in order to meet criteria of a competent counselor especially in dealing with mental health problem.There are concrete ways in approaching difficult examples that requires good judgment. In the first place, a counselor must call whether he can do something about the problem, and refer that client to some other therapist long before the allotted sessions end and not at the last day of therapy. This only annoys the client and causes him to be disappointed pass on because of irresponsible referral.Based on the common issues observed in counseling sessions, the therapist must understand two factors that may contribute to his persuasiveness his judgment of the case and adequate training.Personal judgment of the case involves how a counselor evaluates the case and his own capability to handle it. This also engages whether the case needs referral and when or how to co mmunicate that to the client. Referral is the last option when all the viable resources have been used up or exhausted.Training on other hand, is one basic component of competence. Training must be comprehensive and organized in terms of selection of trainees, content, and best approaches to ensure sought after results (Corey, Corey & Callanan, p. 319). Meanwhile, the kind of training to obtain licensure is under the jurisdiction of the accreditation committee however, in most cases, licensure is given to those who obtained degree of psychology in college. Here, the prerequisite trainings to develop a student are incorporated in the curriculum. Generally, hands-on training is the transition point of students to have him acquire knowledge and skills.The content of a training course of instruction should be structured around a particular(prenominal) theoretical orientation that revolves around challenges as seen by concerned groups such(prenominal) as schools and practicing pract itioners. Corey, et.al. pointed out that content must be objective and practical enough to offer students a variety of therapeutic techniques and strategies that can be applied to variety of problems (p. 332). Training program then must show theoretical explanation to given problems in order to help them chew over rationale for every situation.Professional licensing may indicate that a person is competent as long as a comprehensive program is offered to students by the school and licensing department of the government. stated,Licensing examination generally contains a write component which may be supplemented by oral examination or practicum exam (patient diagnosis or counseling). These examination are commonly create verbally or administered by the state board which also provides for scoring them and determines what passing scores are (p. 132).Also, on the part of the school,The watchfulness work experience or practicum is meant to ensure that during the initial years of prac tice, the professional has the guidance necessary to deal with the complexities of practice. It is a transition period between the intense supervision that is supposed to be part of academic training (p. 132).Work CitedCorey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. Issues and moral philosophy in the Helping Professions 7th Edition.Smith, S. & Meyer, R. 1987. Law, Behavior, and Mental Health Policy and Practice. ground forces NYU Press.

The Importance of Play and the Cognitive Development of Children

The Importance of work out and the Cognitive Development of boorren Marlene Joy M. Cepeda Western Governors University generalisation The center on on schoolman success and high assessment gain has led numerous educators and administrators to perceive diarrhoea as an un all important(p) adjourn of a claws incurment. But bestow does lay a good foundation organic evolution aloney for children. Through each different graphic symbols of run away, a child develops the necessary skills in order to succeed. When children atomic chip 18 given opportunities to course, they develop the connections and experiences they result drop to help them succeed pedantically.Since the No Child left hand Behind Act was created in 2001, schools shoot shifted their focus onto academics and achieving high dozens for standardized streamlets. This focus on academics has led many administrators and p bents to perceive interpret as unimportant for children periods line and five years ol d. Even though play may dependm unimportant to those outside early puerility education, it creates a solid foundation for the childs cognitive maturement and future academic success. In 2001, the United States Senate and House of Representatives passed the No Child Left Behind Act that would change the way schools addressed academics.Schools had to focus on ensuring all students were able to per receivedize and were meeting the state academic standards. Kysilka (2003) wrote the purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act was to observe schools, local educational agencies and States accountable for improving the academic achievement of all students and identifying and turning around low-performing schools that have failed to provide a high-quality education to their students, sequence providing alternatives to students in such schools to enable the students to receive a high-quality education (Kysilka, 2003, p. 00). Since schools and administrators ar being held to a standard, p bents be looking at these scores to see if the child succeeds or fails. The focus shifting primarily on academics room the term for play is cut short during school hours if non exclusively removed. More recently, due to state and national emphasis on technique text performance, even the small segments of social pretend play cartridge wet-nurseer that have been allowed (if not encouraged) in school, such as kindergarten choice time and recess breaks are disappearing (Bergen, 2002).Bergen (2002) writes the press for academic readiness through and through concentrated and direct teaching of alphabet, number, color, and other skills is without delay affecting the quantity of time allocated for play in preschools (Bergen, 2002, Challenges and Policy Directions suggested by Recent Research, para. 1). Kindergarten classes at one time are focused on ensuring their students are prepared academically. Instead of allowing the child to develop naturally, schools are now primarily em phasizing on the academics. Kindergarten students are no longer being taught the basics, like the alphabets, colors, or numbers.Kindergarten students are now taught to read simple words and do more reading and writing in class. Three- and four-year-olds are now expected to engage in furthest more early writing and reading activities than ever before (Almon, n. d). Kindergarten programs in the U. S. focus so strongly on teaching literacy, numeracy, and other academic subjects that many children no longer have time to play in kindergarten (Almon, n. d. ). flow time has become unimportant in the schools. directional psychologist Anthony Pellegrini writes for many children, the opportunities for such freely chosen play are narrowing (as cited in Bergen, 2009, p. 28). Pellegini confronts much of their play time at home has been lost to music, dance, or other lessons participations on sports teams (using adult defined rules) and afterschool homework or test preparation. At the same t ime, many schools especially those considered to be poor performers, have reduced or eliminated recess (as cited in Bergen, 2009, p. 428). In the first 5 years of a childs life, play is crucial for increment more so than ensuring that the child understands the ABCs or the colors. Children develop bother solving skills when faced with a challenge in a biz or with the object they are playing with.Children essential think just about what to do in order to overcome a particular bar or challenge. In the process children likewise use language skills to vocalize out frustrations, concerns, or questions to help them understand the situation they are experiencing. In 2006, the Ameri stop Academy of Pediatrics stated free and unstructured play is healthy and, in fact, essential for helping children reach important social, emotional, cognitive festeringal milestones as rise as helping them manage tenseness and become resilient (as cited in Warner, 2009 p. 1).The Zero to Three Organiz ation (2004) writes children are naturally curious beings who are motivated to make sense of the area around them. The brain is the only if organ that is not fully form at birth (Zero to Three Organization, 2004). The Zero to Three Organization (2004) also states during the first 3 years, trillions of connections between brain cells are being make (Zero to Three Organization, 2004). A childs relationships and experiences during the early years greatly influence how her brain grows. Since children are still developing before age 5, it is imperative that they are allowed to develop naturally. in allowing children to experience play early will help them form those experiences and connections and lay that basic foundation before they come out school. While play may not be regarded as important as the academics to succeed, it plays a vital role in the cognitive development of children. Jean Piaget developed a theory about the cognitive development of young children. Piaget understood through his cause observation that children learn logical system and reasoning through manipulation of their environment (Dodge, Colker, Heroman, & Bickart, 2009).Children manipulate the environment through play. Through play, children learn intellection and problem solving skills and understand how the earthly concern around them works. Sara Smilansky had created categories of play and described the skills children were learning through each type of play. Smilansky distinguishes four types of play functional, plastic, dramatic or pretend play, and games with rules (Dodge, Colker, Heroman & Bickart, 2009). When children are actively exploring their world, using their senses and their bodies, this would be described as functional play.This particular play lets when children are babies and are learning about their world. It is during functional play children begin to make those connections of memories to objects in the present. For example when a baby has learned to hold a rattle , they in turn continue to do this action for all(prenominal) other object they butt joint grab. Functional play is a form of play in which children use their sense and muscles to experiment with materials and learn how things go together (Dodge, Colker, Heroman & Bickart, 2009). As children grow and develop so does the basic correspondence of how things work in the world.Children build upon the skills already learned and find they understructure create and build new things. These skills are developed through constructive play. Children learn how certain objects fit together through organizing objects, stacking objects, or barely creating something new with those objects. Allen and Marotz describes the cognitive process includes mental activities such as discovering, interpreting, sorting, classifying, and remembering. All interactions that children experience during their daily activities contribute to their cognitive development (as cited in Guam archaeozoic Learning Guideli nes, 2005, p. 21).Children, ages one year and older, are very observant and can imitate the things they see in the world around them. Using their imagination, children come out themselves in different settings, like the doctors office, or a school, or even the house. Rubin describes role enactment is the highest form of symbolic play (as cited in Umek & Musek, 2001 p. 56). How children use imagination is often based on noncurrent experiences. According to Piaget, assimilation is when children bring in new knowledge to their own schemas and accommodation is when children have to change their schemas to accommodate the new learning or knowledge.This adjustment process occurs when learning, as one is processing new information to fit into what is already in ones memory (as cited in Powell & Kalina, 2009, p. 3). This play called dramatic play can occur when the child is by themselves or with other children. In dramatic play children typically pull in ones horns on a role, pretend to be someone else, and use real or pretend objects to play out a role (Dodge, Colker, Heroman & Bickart, 2009). Children, ages trine to four years old, begin to understand certain things have to be done a certain way.They learn that there are rules and guidelines that must be pursueed not only for reasons of safety, but the safety and well-being of others. This lesson can be taught to children, ages three to four years old, through games with rules. more or less games engage lots of movement and lots of room dodge ball, kickball, musical chairs. Some games can be played on tables with a small number of people bingo, Uno, go fish. Through this type of play, children not only use their muscles, both big and small, but they learn to communicate with their friends or better half in the game.Children also learn to respect the others when it is their turn and learn to follow the rules. This type of play requires the children to use many of senses, teach them to play well with others, and respect everyone who is playing the game. There are two broad types of games with rules-table games and bodily or movement games. Both require children to control their behavior, both physically and verbally, to conform to a structure or preset rules (Dodge, Colker, Heroman & Bickart, 2009). When children are not given the opportunity to play, they may not learn many of skills that are associated with play.Gould had written humans, as specialists in non-specialisation, have survived not through wet and narrow ways of behaving, but through adaptive qualities of quirkiness, flexibility, and unpredict great power and sloppiness. These are the essence of play (as cited in Lester, 2010 p. 16). The ability for children to play is fix to the ability to being creative and imaginative. The skills of being creative and imaginative can be lost or forgotten if children are not able to shape these skills. Almon (n. d. writes given the importance of play for childrens physical, social, e motional, and mental development, the demise of play will certainly have serious consequences during childhood and throughout childrens lives (Almon, n. d. ). Almon (n. d. ) explains indeed, there is growing concern about what kind of society we are creating if a generation of children grow up without play and the creative thinking that emerges from play (Almon, n. d. ). To many outside the early childhood education, play may seem unimportant.Laying the basic foundation for success, play is an integral part of a childs growth. Children gain many benefits through play. Not only do the children develop social skills through interactions with other children, but they continue to develop their thinking and problem solving skills. The manipulation of the world around them through play helps create those lasting memories and allows for connections of the past experiences to be tied to the experiences of the present. References Almon, J. (n. d. ). The Vital Role of Play in Childhood. Retri eved from http//www. aldorfearlychildhood. org/article. asp? id=5 Bergen, D. & Fromberg, D. P. (2009). Play and Social Interaction in Middle Childhood. Phi Delta Kappan, 90(6), 426-430. Bergen, D. (2002). The Role of Pretend Play in Childrens Cognitive Development. Supplemental material. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 4(1) Retrieved from http//ecrp. uiuc. edu/v4n1/bergen. hypertext mark-up language Dodge, D. T. , Colker, L. J. , Heroman, C. , & Bickart, T. S. (2009). The Creative Curriculum for Preschool. (4th ed. ). Washington, D. C. Teaching Strategies, Inc. Early Childhood Care & Education Committee. 2005). Guam early learning guidelines for young children ages three to five. Mangilao, Guam The Guam Department of Public health & Social Services. Kysilka, M. L. (2003). NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND. Curriculum & Teaching Dialogue, 5(2), 99-104. Lester. S. (n. d. ). Childrens Right to Play An examination of the importance of play in the lives of children worldwide. operative paper s in early childhood development, No. 57. Bernard Van look Foundation. Power, K. C. , & Kalina, C. J. (2009). Cognitive and Social Constructivism Developing tools for and effective classroom.Education, 130(2), 241-250. Umek. L. , & Musek, P. (2001) Symbolic Play opportunities for cognitive and language development in preschool settings. Early Years Journal of transnational Research & Development, 21(1), 55-64. Doi10. 1080/09575140020022689 Warner, L. (n. d. ). Youre It Thoughts on Play and Learning in Schools. Horace, 24(n2) Zero to Three Organization. (2004). Getting ready for school begins at birth Brochure. Retrieved from http//www. zerotothree. org/child-development/social-emotional-development/gettingreadyforschoolbeginsatbirth. pdf